Discover the Different Sea Turtle Species and Their Unique Traits

Sea turtles are among the most iconic marine creatures in the world’s oceans. They have glided gracefully through tropical and subtropical waters for over 100 million years, long before humans walked the Earth. Yet, many people don’t realize there are several distinct sea turtle species, each with unique features, behaviors, and conservation challenges. Understanding these species is the first step toward protecting them and preserving marine biodiversity.

1. Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

The green sea turtle is one of the most well-known sea turtle species. Named for the greenish color of its body fat rather than its shell, it is found in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide. Green turtles are primarily herbivorous, feeding on seagrasses and algae, which helps maintain healthy seagrass beds and supports marine life diversity.

2. Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

Recognizable by their large heads and powerful jaws, loggerheads are one of the most widespread sea turtle species. They inhabit the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Their strong jaws allow them to crush hard-shelled prey like crabs, clams, and sea urchins. Unfortunately, loggerheads are often caught accidentally in fishing gear, making bycatch one of their biggest threats.

3. Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

Hawksbill turtles are smaller but easily distinguished by their sharp, curving beaks and beautifully patterned shells. They live mainly around coral reefs, feeding on sponges and other invertebrates. Due to the demand for their shells, hawksbills have been heavily hunted, making them one of the most critically endangered sea turtle species today.

4. Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)

The leatherback is the largest of all sea turtle species, reaching lengths of up to seven feet and weighing as much as 900 kilograms. Unlike other sea turtles, it lacks a hard shell; its back is covered by a layer of leathery skin with embedded bones. Leatherbacks are also incredible travelers, known for their long migrations across oceans in search of jellyfish.

5. Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)

Named for the olive-green color of their shells, Olive Ridleys are the most abundant sea turtle species globally. They are famous for their synchronized nesting events, called “arribadas,” where thousands of females come ashore to lay eggs simultaneously. However, egg poaching and habitat loss continue to threaten their populations.

6. Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys kempii)

The smallest and rarest sea turtle species, Kemp’s ridley turtles are critically endangered. They are found mainly in the Gulf of Mexico and along the U.S. Atlantic coast. Like the Olive Ridley, they also nest in groups during arribadas. Conservationists are working tirelessly to restore their nesting sites and protect hatchlings.

7. Flatback Sea Turtle (Natator depressus)

Endemic to Australia, the flatback is the only sea turtle species that doesn’t migrate long distances. It prefers shallow, coastal waters and feeds on soft corals, sea cucumbers, and jellyfish. Its flatter shell gives it a distinct appearance compared to other sea turtles.

Final Thoughts

Each of these seven sea turtle species plays a crucial role in keeping ocean ecosystems balanced. Sadly, all face threats from human activities—ranging from plastic pollution to illegal trade. Through initiatives led by organizations like the Lekan Bakare Foundation, we can raise awareness, protect nesting beaches, and promote sustainable ocean practices. By understanding and protecting every sea turtle species, we ensure a healthier ocean for future generations.